Physiology, Catecholamines

Abstract

Catecholamines are a class of molecules that act as neurotransmitters and hormones in various body regions. These chemical messengers include dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), and epinephrine (adrenaline), which are derived from the amino acid tyrosine. Dopamine is primarily synthesized in the brain, particularly in areas such as the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area, where it functions mainly as a neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine and epinephrine are secreted by the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerve endings and act as hormones and neurotransmitters influencing vital bodily functions. Catecholamines are crucial for various physiological processes, including stress responses, cardiovascular function, and mood regulation. Dysregulation of catecholamine production or signaling can disrupt these essential processes, contributing to disorders such as hypertension, heart failure, anxiety, and neurodegenerative diseases.

Neurotransmitters

• Dopamine
• Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
• Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

Hormones

• Adrenaline (Epinephrine)

Related

• Heart failure
• Hypertension
• Tyrosine