Vitamin D
Vitamin D is essential for bone health and has receptors throughout the brain, and deficiency is associated with depression and other problems. However, large randomized trials (such as VITAL) have generally not found that supplementing vitamin D in non-deficient people prevents depression, cognitive decline, or major disease. The clearest benefit is correcting a genuine deficiency, which is common in low-sunlight settings.
Too little may be associated with
Deficiency: low mood, fatigue, bone and immune problems.
Too much may be associated with
Toxicity: high calcium, nausea, kidney strain.
Informational only — not medical advice.
Where to buy
Popular Vitamin D products on Amazon. Not medical advice — talk to a clinician before starting a supplement.
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Research (8)
- Physiology, Integument Kim et al. (2026)
- Vitamin D as a Modulator of Neuroinflammation: Implications for Brain Health Menéndez et al. (2024)
- Osteoporosis in COPD patients: Risk factors and pulmonary rehabilitation Wang et al. (2022)
- Digital Addiction and Sleep Dresp-Langley et al. (2022)
- Gut-brain Axis and migraine headache: a comprehensive review Arzani et al. (2020)
- Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder Hofmeister et al. (2016)
- Vitamin D and the omega-3 fatty acids control serotonin synthesis and action, part 2: relevance for ADHD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and impulsive behavior Patrick et al. (2015)
- Vitamin D-endocrine system Bell (1985)
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