Aerobic exercise
Sustained cardio that boosts dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, endorphins and endocannabinoids.
Too little may be associated with
Low mood, poor cardiovascular and metabolic health, higher stress.
Too much may be associated with
Overtraining, injury, fatigue, weakened immunity.
Informational only — not medical advice.
Body systems
Organs
Diseases
- Chronic kidney disease (+)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (+)
- Coronary artery disease (+)
- Erectile dysfunction (+)
- Heart failure (+)
- Hyperlipidemia (+)
- Hypertension (+)
- Metabolic syndrome (+)
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (+)
- Obesity (+)
- Osteoporosis (+)
- Peripheral artery disease (+)
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (+)
Hormones
Neurotransmitters
Related
Books (12)
Burn: New Research Blows the Lid Off How We Really Burn Calories
Change Your Brain, Change Your Life
Exercised: Why Something We Never Evolved to Do Is Healthy and Rewarding
Keep Sharp: Build a Better Brain at Any Age
Outlive: The Science and Art of Longevity
ROAR: How to Match Your Food and Fitness to Your Unique Female Physiology
Spark: The Revolutionary New Science of Exercise and the Brain
The Blue Zones: Lessons for Living Longer From the People Who’ve Lived the Longest
The Compass of Pleasure
The End of Alzheimer's
The Joy of Movement: How Exercise Helps Us Find Happiness, Hope, Connection, and Courage
Why Zebras Don't Get Ulcers
Podcasts
- Huberman Lab
Stanford neuroscientist Andrew Huberman on physiology, stress, sleep, and self-regulation.
- The Neuro Experience
Louisa Nicola on brain performance, longevity, and human optimization.
- The Peter Attia Drive
Peter Attia on longevity, health, exercise, and behavior change.
- The Rich Roll Podcast
Deep conversations on wellness, recovery, and personal transformation.
Research (9)
- Diagnosis and Management of Resistant Hypertension: A Review Azizi et al. (2026)
- A single bout of resistance or high-intensity interval training increases anti-cancer myokines and suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro in survivors of breast cancer Bettariga et al. (2025)
- Restless Legs Syndrome in Chronic Kidney Disease- a Systematic Review Safarpour et al. (2023)
- Multifactorial Mechanism of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity. Role of Physical Exercise, Microbiota and Myokines Bilski et al. (2022)
- Exercise Therapy for People With Sarcopenic Obesity: Myokines and Adipokines as Effective Actors Alizadeh (2022)
- Effect of Exercise, Escitalopram, or Placebo on Anxiety in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: The Understanding the Benefits of Exercise and Escitalopram in Anxious Patients With Coronary Heart Disease (UNWIND) Randomized Clinical Trial Blumenthal et al. (2021)
- Treatment Options for Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease Church (2021)
- Benefits and Mechanisms of Exercise Training for Knee Osteoarthritis Zeng et al. (2021)
- Exercise increases caudate dopamine release and ventral striatal activation in Parkinson's disease Sacheli et al. (2019)
Links
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